Understanding Vertigo and How Physical Therapy Can Help

Vertigo refers to a false sensation of movement, often described as a spinning feeling, even when a person is stationary. It can be disorienting and debilitating. Physical therapy, along with certain exercises that can be done at home, is an effective way to manage vertigo symptoms. However, it's crucial to consult a doctor to identify the underlying cause before starting any treatment.

What is Vertigo?

Vertigo is a sensation of motion that is not related to actual movement, commonly presenting as a spinning feeling. It can make individuals feel as though their surroundings are spinning. Vertigo is typically a symptom of other conditions and can be accompanied by balance issues, nausea, and motion sickness.

Types of Vertigo

There are two primary types of vertigo: peripheral and central.

• Peripheral Vertigo: This type accounts for approximately 80% of cases and is often caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
• Central Vertigo: This type makes up the remaining 20% of cases and results from issues such as brain stem lesions. Conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) and migraines can cause central vertigo.

Understanding BPPV

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) occurs when tiny calcium carbonate crystals, known as canaliths, become dislodged in the inner ear and move into the fluid-filled canals. These crystals disrupt the normal fluid movement, sending incorrect signals to the brain about the body's position, resulting in vertigo.

How Physical Therapy Can Help

Physical therapy can significantly reduce or even eliminate vertigo. However, it’s essential to have a proper diagnosis before starting any therapy or exercises. A healthcare provider may recommend vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) for vertigo caused by BPPV, head injuries, central nervous system lesions, and other undefined causes.

Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT)

VRT involves specific exercises designed to alleviate symptoms of vertigo. The goal of VRT is to help individuals anticipate vertigo triggers and take preventive measures. This therapy might not be effective for all types of vertigo, particularly those with sporadic, unpredictable episodes.

Potential Drawbacks

During VRT, vertigo symptoms may initially worsen. Overusing exercises on good days can lead to fatigue and increased symptoms. Even if symptoms seem resolved, relapses can occur.

Home Exercises for Vertigo

Certain exercises can be done at home to manage vertigo symptoms. It is important to consult a doctor or therapist before starting any exercises to ensure they are appropriate for your specific condition.

Epley Maneuver

The Epley maneuver is particularly effective for treating BPPV. Follow these steps:

1. Sit upright on the edge of a bed.
2. Turn your head 45 degrees to the right.
3. Lie back quickly.
4. Stay in this position for 30 seconds.
5. Turn your head 45 degrees to the left.
6. Stay in this position for 30 seconds.
7. Turn your head and body another 90 degrees to the left.
8. Maintain this position for 30 seconds.
9. Slowly sit up.

Repeat on the opposite side and perform up to three times daily until vertigo is not experienced for at least 24 hours.

Brandt-Daroff Exercises

These exercises involve alternating between sitting and lying positions:

1. Sit upright on the edge of a bed.
2. Turn your head 45 degrees to the left.
3. Lie down on your right side, keeping your head at the same angle.
4. Hold this position for 30 seconds or until dizziness stops.
5. Slowly return to the starting position.
6. Turn your head back to the center.
7. Repeat on the other side.

Finding a Physical Therapist

To find a qualified physical therapist, ask your healthcare provider for recommendations. Not all therapists have experience treating all causes of vertigo, so it’s important to find one with the appropriate expertise. The Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy and the Vestibular Disorders Association offer resources to help locate professionals in your area.

Costs and Financial Assistance for Physical Therapy

The cost of physical therapy varies, but health insurance may cover some or all of the expenses. Contact your insurance provider to understand your coverage. If you don’t have insurance, talk to your healthcare provider about local resources that might help with costs.

Other Treatments for Vertigo

Treatments for vertigo depend on the underlying cause. Once the cause is addressed, vertigo symptoms usually resolve. Other treatment options include:

• Medications such as antihistamines, diuretics, benzodiazepines, corticosteroids, or anti-emetics
• A combination of medications and VRT
• Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding alcohol, caffeine, and salt
• Surgery in severe cases

Outlook

With appropriate physical therapy and other treatments, most people see an improvement in vertigo symptoms. However, relapses can occur. For example, about 50% of people with BPPV experience a recurrence within five years, and about one-third of those with vertigo due to anxiety may still have symptoms after one year.

Summary

Vertigo, characterized by spinning sensations and dizziness, is a symptom of various conditions. Physical therapy, particularly vestibular rehabilitation therapy, can significantly improve vertigo symptoms. Before starting any new treatment program, consult with a healthcare provider to ensure proper diagnosis and effective treatment. If you're searching for "physical therapy near me" or "physical therapy in Cedar Park, Leander, Liberty Hill," consider 1-on-1 physical therapy for personalized care and effective symptom management.